The key to figuring out whether COVID-19 leads to long-lasting antibody protection, Ellebedy realized, lies in the bone marrow. To find out whether those who have recovered from mild cases of COVID-19 harbor long-lived plasma cells that produce antibodies specifically targeted to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, Ellebedy teamed up ...Serious side effects of Remdesivir. Along with its needed effects, remdesivir may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. Check with your doctor or nurse immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking remdesivir: More common. Back pain ...Possible side effects of molnupiravir include diarrhea, dizziness, and nausea. 3. Is molnupiravir similar to Tamiflu? Yes, this new pill is similar—in function, ease of use, and availability—to Tamiflu, the antiviral medication that is used to prevent serious symptoms of flu.A new clinical trial at UAB aims to improve cognitive function in patients with "brain fog" and other lingering cognitive symptoms after they have recovered from COVID-19. Even after their bodies have cleared the virus that causes COVID-19, many patients experience long-term effects. One of the most troubling is a change in cognitive function ...Tell your doctor or nurse right away if you have any side effects during or after your infusion. Keep in mind that only a limited number of people have taken COVID-19 monoclonal antibody treatment – scientists are still learning about its side effects and risks. Serious and unexpected side effects may occur. What if I am pregnant or breast ... The study thoroughly analyzes the possible pathways in which the experimental mRNA vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna could be causing serious adverse effects in vaccinated individuals. “Both are delivered through muscle injection, and both require deep-freeze storage to keep the RNA from breaking down,” Seneff and Nigh stated.Although antibody response is a central component of vaccine efficacy, memory B cells may also be important for long-term protection and the ability to respond to emerging variant strains. In SARS-CoV-2 naive subjects, MBCs specific for full-length spike protein and RBD, as well as an optimal neutralizing antibody response are efficiently ...Monoclonal antibodies, such as casirivimab and imdevimab, may be associated with worse clinical outcomes when administered to hospitalized patients with COVID-19 requiring high flow oxygen or ... The novel class of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are a valuable addition to our preventives for migraine. However, there are significant conceivable long-term adverse effects that need to be considered as these new products gain approval and enter the market. We will have a better feel for the ...Not a lot of people have been given COVID-19 monoclonal antibody therapy. Serious and unexpected side effects may happen. COVID-19 monoclonal antibody therapy is still being studied, so it is possible that all of the risks are not known at this time. Q: How do I report side effects (or medical issues) with infusion therapies?Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc said on Monday a single dose of its antibody cocktail reduced the risk of contracting COVID-19 by 81.6% in a late-stage trial, in the two to eight months period ...Side effects include: Data from an ongoing trial in outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19 (NCT04545060; COMET-ICE) indicate most common treatment-emergent adverse events in those treated with sotrovimab were mild or moderate (grade 1 or 2) rash (2%) and diarrhea (1%). No other treatment-emergent adverse events reported more frequently in ...Jun 23, 2022 · Most monoclonal antibodies don’t last very long in the bloodstream. That’s why they’re only used after a person has been infected. But one type of monoclonal antibody, called Evusheld ... Key Points. Covid-19 antibody drugs from Regeneron and Eli Lilly should no longer be used because they don’t work against the omicron variant that now accounts for nearly all U.S. infections, U ...Jun 15, 2023 · Monoclonal antibody therapy Currently, there are no monoclonal antibodies authorized for use in the United States. As of January 26, 2023, Evusheld is no longer authorized by the FDA for emergency use in the United States, as it is not expected to be effective against more than 90% of the COVID-19 variants currently circulating in the United ... progression of COVID-19. The side effects of getting any medicine by vein may include brief pain, bleeding, bruising of the skin, soreness, swelling, and possible infection at the infusion site. These are not all the possible side effects of monoclonal antibody treatment. Not a lot of people have been given monoclonal antibody treatment.Not a lot of people have been given COVID-19 monoclonal antibody therapy. Serious and unexpected side effects may happen. COVID-19 monoclonal antibody therapy is still being studied, so it is possible that all of the risks are not known at this time. Q: How do I report side effects (or medical issues) with infusion therapies?Others have side effects that affect their ability to do daily activities. Side effects generally go away in a few days. Even if you don’t experience any side effects, your body is building protection against the virus that causes COVID-19. Adverse events (serious health problems) are rare but can cause long-term health problems. They usually ...Oct 14, 2020 · The president’s unique treatment may have prevented his body from making the antibodies necessary for long-term protection. The monoclonal antibodies he received were produced by the drug ... Mar 3, 2022 · The findings from this study may shed some more light on the potential mechanisms behind long Covid, otherwise known as long-haul Covid, post-acute Covid-19, long-term effects of Covid, chronic ... Scientists developing new treatments for those with COVID-19 symptoms are turning to the same biomedicine that is playing an increasingly important role in treating cancer: monoclonal antibodies. While vaccines may eventually reduce the number of COVID-19 infections, therapies are needed to treat those who still get sick from the virus.Most monoclonal antibodies don’t last very long in the bloodstream. That’s why they’re only used after a person has been infected. But one type of monoclonal antibody, called Evusheld ...nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea low blood pressure rash anaphylaxis Always talk with a healthcare professional about the possible side effects of the medications you’re taking, especially...A monoclonal antibody treatment called leronlimab could reduce long COVID symptoms in some patients, according to a recent pilot study published in the journal Clinical Infectious Disease. The ...Monoclonal antibody therapy. Each antibody binds only one specific antigen. Monoclonal antibody therapy is a form of immunotherapy that uses monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to bind monospecifically to certain cells or proteins. The objective is that this treatment will stimulate the patient's immune system to attack those cells.Monoclonal antibodies, such as casirivimab and imdevimab, may be associated with worse clinical outcomes when administered to hospitalized patients with COVID-19 requiring high flow oxygen or ... Not a lot of people have been given COVID-19 monoclonal antibody therapy. Serious and unexpected side effects may happen. COVID-19 monoclonal antibody therapy is still being studied, so it is possible that all of the risks are not known at this time. Q: How do I report side effects (or medical issues) with infusion therapies? Aug 22, 2023 · Your child cannot get COVID-19 from any COVID-19 vaccine. Like adults, children may have some side effects after COVID-19 vaccination. These side effects may affect their ability to do daily activities, but they should go away in a few days. Related pages: COVID-19 Vaccines for Children and Teens; Pfizer-BioNTech; Possible Side Effects ... These neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, which were originally identified and isolated from B cells and plasma of donors who have recovered from COVID-19, inhibit the interaction of the spike protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) with the human ACE-2 receptors, thereby preventing viral attachment, cell entry ...As the omicron variant pushes COVID case counts to new highs, Side Effects and Indiana Public Broadcasting have received audience questions about coronavirus treatments, including monoclonal ...COVID-19 Infusion Treatment. Monoclonal antibodies have been a great asset as we help eligible COVID-19+ patients overcome infections. However, only one type of monoclonal antibody treatment is proving to be as effective in battling the Omicron variant. This type of infusion is in very limited supply and may not always be available for treatment.Clinical Data Last Updated: March 6, 2023 Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein have been shown to have clinical benefits in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, laboratory studies have found that the activity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs against specific variants and subvariants can vary dramatically.Clinical Data Last Updated: March 6, 2023 Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein have been shown to have clinical benefits in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, laboratory studies have found that the activity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs against specific variants and subvariants can vary dramatically.The U.S. government recently advised those with COVID-19 and at risk for serious complications to ask their health care provider about one of the monoclonal antibody therapies authorized by the U ...Others have side effects that affect their ability to do daily activities. Side effects generally go away in a few days. Even if you don’t experience any side effects, your body is building protection against the virus that causes COVID-19. Adverse events (serious health problems) are rare but can cause long-term health problems. They usually ...All of these COVID-19 vaccines are still fairly new, so possible long-term side effects are still being studied, and it’s possible that the guidance about the different vaccines might change. If you have concerns about getting one of these COVID-19 vaccines, it’s important to talk with your doctor. Adults 65 and older make up about 75 percent of the roughly 900,000 U.S. deaths caused by the coronavirus since the start of the pandemic, federal data show. In addition to age, which is a risk factor for severe COVID-19, about 80 percent of adults 65 and older have at least one chronic health condition that can worsen a coronavirus ...Future reports from this project will look at other aspects of immune system function in response to the COVID-19 vaccine, how the vaccine works in variants of concern, more information on specific diseases and therapies, vaccine side effects, and impact on disease activity. Get Free Coronavirus Support for Chronic Illness PatientsSide effects include: IV infusion: Data from a trial evaluating safety and efficacy of a single dose for treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 in outpatients (COV-2067) indicate infusion-related reactions (adverse event assessed by the investigator to be causally related) with severity grade 2 or greater observed in 0.2% of patients who received casirivimab and imdevimab at FDA-authorized ...To make monoclonal antibodies, scientists expose a specific type of cell from the immune system to a particular viral protein -- in this case, SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. They...To make monoclonal antibodies, scientists expose a specific type of cell from the immune system to a particular viral protein -- in this case, SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. They... Jun 28, 2018 · The novel class of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are a valuable addition to our preventives for migraine. However, there are significant conceivable long-term adverse effects that need to be considered as these new products gain approval and enter the market. We will have a better feel for the ... The side effects of receiving any medicine by vein may include brief pain, bleeding, bruising of the skin, soreness, swelling, and possible infection at the injection site. These are not all the possible side effects. Not many people have received bebtelovimab. Serious and unexpected side effects may happen.Jan 17, 2021 · The U.S. government recently advised those with COVID-19 and at risk for serious complications to ask their health care provider about one of the monoclonal antibody therapies authorized by the U ... The recommendations for COVID-19 treatments and the use of monoclonal antibodies changes often to meet the demand of up-and-coming variants. For the most up-to-date information, the FDA offers a ...Jun 28, 2021 · SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines are about 95% effective in preventing COVID-19 1,2,3,4,5.The dynamics of antibody-secreting plasmablasts and germinal centre B cells induced by these vaccines in ... Jun 3, 2022 · The third pill is ritonavir, which helps nirmatrelvir stay in your body for a longer period at high concentrations. Like any drug, Paxlovid has side effects, one of the most common being a weird, metallic taste in your mouth. Others include diarrhea, high blood pressure, and muscle aches. These side effects are compiled from side effects listed for several monoclonal antibodies. Each type of monoclonal antibody has its own side effect profile and may or may not cause some of the side effects listed here. Common side effects of monoclonal antibodies include: Allergic reactions. Chills.Nov 25, 2021 · "These responses may also explain why such long-term effects can occur long after the viral infection has passed." As for COVID-19 vaccines, the primary antigen used is the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. COVID-19 Infusion Treatment. Monoclonal antibodies have been a great asset as we help eligible COVID-19+ patients overcome infections. However, only one type of monoclonal antibody treatment is proving to be as effective in battling the Omicron variant. This type of infusion is in very limited supply and may not always be available for treatment.Nov 25, 2021 · "These responses may also explain why such long-term effects can occur long after the viral infection has passed." As for COVID-19 vaccines, the primary antigen used is the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Regeneron's treatment, called REGN-COV2, is a combination or "cocktail" of two antibodies: infection-fighting proteins that were developed to bind to the part of the new coronavirus that it uses ...Sep 5, 2023 · an altered or impaired sense of taste. diarrhea. increased blood pressure. muscle aches. abdominal pain. nausea. feeling generally unwell. Since Paxlovid is cleared by the kidneys, dose adjustments may be required for patients with mild-to-moderate kidney disease, explains Dr. Topal. B cell-targeting strategies such as rituximab are widely used in B cell hematologic malignancies, rheumatologic and musculoskeletal diseases and a variety of autoimmune disorders. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how exposure to anti-CD20 treatment profoundly affects B cell functions involved in anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity and significantly impacts on the clinical and serological course ...Oct 13, 2021 · Additional COVID treatments are the antiviral drug remdesivir, which is also used only in people sick enough to be hospitalized, and monoclonal antibodies, which can help mild or moderate cases. Monoclonal antibodies can also be used to help prevent infection in people who have been exposed to the virus and are at high risk of hospitalization ... Although the therapeutic monoclonal antibodies hold great promise for treating various diseases, they have certain side effects. One of the complications of monoclonal antibody therapy is the ...COVID-19 has accelerated vaccine therapy but also the use of drugs and monoclonal antibodies (mABs) which have been used in COVID-19 therapy. They are primarily adopted to treat high-risk mild-to-moderate non-hospitalized patients, and it has been noted that the administration of two mABs gave better results. mABs, other than polyclonal plasma ... Not a lot of people have been given COVID-19 monoclonal antibody therapy. Serious and unexpected side effects may happen. COVID-19 monoclonal antibody therapy is still being studied, so it is possible that all of the risks are not known at this time. Q: How do I report side effects (or medical issues) with infusion therapies? Not a lot of people have been given COVID-19 monoclonal antibody therapy. Serious and unexpected side effects may happen. COVID-19 monoclonal antibody therapy is still being studied, so it is possible that all of the risks are not known at this time. Q: How do I report side effects (or medical issues) with infusion therapies?The U.S. government recently advised those with COVID-19 and at risk for serious complications to ask their health care provider about one of the monoclonal antibody therapies authorized by the U ...Today, the FDA issued an emergency use authorization for two monoclonal antibodies to be administered together for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 in adults and pediatric patients who ...May 7, 2023 · Monoclonal antibodies have been in use since 1985 and have been used as therapies for malignancy, autoimmune disease, infectious organisms, and drug reversal. In the race to decrease the global burden of COVID-19, several monoclonal antibodies were developed and granted emergency use authorizations (EUAs). However, as COVID-19 variants emerged ... Multiorgan effects of COVID-19. Effects of COVID-19 treatment/hospitalization. The typical clinical symptoms in "long covid" are tiredness, dyspnea, fatigue, brain fogginess, autonomic dysfunction, headache, persistent loss of smell or taste, cough, depression, low-grade fevers, palpitations, dizziness, muscle pain, and joint pains.Benefits of antiviral therapy. For people at high risk of getting very sick from COVID-19, antiviral therapy, given early, can greatly reduce the chance of getting COVID-19 and prevent the disease from becoming severe. It also reduces the chance of needing to be in the hospital. The treatment can also shorten how long COVID-19 symptoms last.Anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies. The SARS-CoV-2 virus’s spike glycoprotein, which sits on its surface, functions to facilitate the virus’s entry into the body’s cells. Some SARS-CoV-2 ...The mechanisms behind the production of such autoantibodies aren’t yet clear. Widespread and long-term inflammation during severe COVID-19 may cause the immune system to produce antibodies to pieces of the virus it wouldn’t normally recognize. Some of those pieces might resemble human proteins enough to trigger the production of autoantibodies.Serious side effects that could cause a long-term health problem are extremely rare following any vaccination, including COVID-19 vaccination. The benefits of COVID-19 vaccination outweigh the known and potential risks. CDC continues to closely monitor the safety of COVID-19 vaccines.Most people experience no side effects from monoclonal antibodies for COVID-19. Some people report mild side effects, like headache or stomach upset/nausea. Rarely, some patients will have what’s called an “infusion reaction,” where they have itching and throat tightness — it looks similar to an allergic reaction.Sep 7, 2022 · nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea low blood pressure rash anaphylaxis Always talk with a healthcare professional about the possible side effects of the medications you’re taking, especially... A new article suggests that secondary antibodies known as 'anti-idiotype antibodies' could be responsible for some of the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines and the symptoms of long-haul COVID.Candidates Treatment procedure Potential side effects FAQs Takeaway On November 30, 2022, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) deauthorized bebtelovimab for emergency use in the United...Jun 28, 2018 · The novel class of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are a valuable addition to our preventives for migraine. However, there are significant conceivable long-term adverse effects that need to be considered as these new products gain approval and enter the market. We will have a better feel for the ... Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks are frequent occurrences in nursing homes and long-term care facilities (LTCFs), resulting in subsequent hospitalization and death. Rationale Virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies demonstrate a significant decrease in both viral load and hospital transfer rate among patients with mild-to-moderate ...10.1038/nrd3003. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are now established as targeted therapies for malignancies, transplant rejection, autoimmune and infectious diseases, as well as a range of new indications. However, administration of mAbs carries the risk of immune reactions such as acute anaphylaxis, serum sickness and the generation of antibodies. Jun 3, 2022 · The third pill is ritonavir, which helps nirmatrelvir stay in your body for a longer period at high concentrations. Like any drug, Paxlovid has side effects, one of the most common being a weird, metallic taste in your mouth. Others include diarrhea, high blood pressure, and muscle aches. Nov 24, 2021 · This is especially true with the emergence of new viral variants and the rare vaccine side effects like allergic reactions, heart inflammation ( myocarditis) and blood-clotting ( thrombosis). The spike protein mediates the coronavirus entry into host cells. Critical questions about the infection itself also remain. The novel class of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are a valuable addition to our preventives for migraine. However, there are significant conceivable long-term adverse effects that need to be considered as these new products gain approval and enter the market. We will have a better feel for the ...The findings from this study may shed some more light on the potential mechanisms behind long Covid, otherwise known as long-haul Covid, post-acute Covid-19, long-term effects of Covid, chronic ...Oct 26, 2021 · Quick Overview. Monoclonal antibody therapy is approved for emergency use authorization (EUA) by the FDA for high-risk patients who have tested positive for COVID-19 and patients who have been exposed to COVID-19. Monoclonal antibody therapy is free. You don’t need insurance, but some facilities may ask you to cover an administration fee. In the fight against COVID-19, antibodies are the best long-term weapon. A new study from the lab of Yale’s Akiko Iwasaki finds that antibodies, rather than T cells, are crucial in creating lasting protection from COVID-19. When it comes to long-lasting protection against COVID-19, antibodies — proteins created by B cells to neutralize ...Dec 13, 2021 · An antiviral that works against all versions of SARS-CoV-2 would be a boon, especially if the current monoclonal antibody treatments fail to work against Omicron or a future variant. Additional COVID treatments are the antiviral drug remdesivir, which is also used only in people sick enough to be hospitalized, and monoclonal antibodies, which can help mild or moderate cases. Monoclonal antibodies can also be used to help prevent infection in people who have been exposed to the virus and are at high risk of hospitalization ...
Jan 5, 2022 · Possible side effects of molnupiravir include diarrhea, dizziness, and nausea. 3. Is molnupiravir similar to Tamiflu? Yes, this new pill is similar—in function, ease of use, and availability—to Tamiflu, the antiviral medication that is used to prevent serious symptoms of flu. . 603 402 5050
an altered or impaired sense of taste. diarrhea. increased blood pressure. muscle aches. abdominal pain. nausea. feeling generally unwell. Since Paxlovid is cleared by the kidneys, dose adjustments may be required for patients with mild-to-moderate kidney disease, explains Dr. Topal.Feb 7, 2022 · Those results put it on par with monoclonal antibodies and Paxlovid, a COVID-19 pill, which are the best available COVID treatments out there. Remdesivir's side effects — mainly, nausea — are ... One possible side effect of monoclonal antibody therapy is an allergic reaction. Allergic reactions can happen during and after infusion with monoclonal antibody therapy. Tell your health care provider right away if you get any of the following signs and symptoms of allergic reactions: fever, chills, nausea, headache, shortness of breath, low ...Constitutional symptoms (skin ulcers, purpura, arthralgia, weakness, paraesthesia and fever) disappeared or improved. No acute or delayed side effects were observed. Conclusions: Rituximab appears to be a safe and effective therapeutic option in symptomatic patients with HCV-associated MC glomerulonephritis and signs of systemic vasculitis. Future reports from this project will look at other aspects of immune system function in response to the COVID-19 vaccine, how the vaccine works in variants of concern, more information on specific diseases and therapies, vaccine side effects, and impact on disease activity. Get Free Coronavirus Support for Chronic Illness PatientsJan 24, 2022 · Key Points. Covid-19 antibody drugs from Regeneron and Eli Lilly should no longer be used because they don’t work against the omicron variant that now accounts for nearly all U.S. infections, U ... Monoclonal antibody therapy. Each antibody binds only one specific antigen. Monoclonal antibody therapy is a form of immunotherapy that uses monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to bind monospecifically to certain cells or proteins. The objective is that this treatment will stimulate the patient's immune system to attack those cells.Jun 23, 2022 · Most monoclonal antibodies don’t last very long in the bloodstream. That’s why they’re only used after a person has been infected. But one type of monoclonal antibody, called Evusheld ... Although these vaccines have been approved for mass vaccination, their long-term effectiveness, any vaccine-related side effects as well as production ability to meet the need of the world population are still to be answered. As a result, monoclonal antibodies will remain a viable alternative to the COVID-19 vaccine for the foreseeable future.To find COVID-19 vaccine locations near you: Search vaccines.gov, text your ZIP code to 438829, or call 1-800-232-0233. The right medications for COVID-19 can help. People have been seriously harmed and even died after taking products not approved for use to treat or prevent COVID-19, even products approved or prescribed for other uses.Regeneron’s monoclonal antibody drug treatment can reduce COVID-19 hospitalization and death by 70 percent, according to a press release published March 23. The treatment also reduced the length ...Jun 22, 2023 · Neurological symptoms or mental health conditions, including difficulty thinking or concentrating, headache, sleep problems, dizziness when you stand, pins-and-needles feeling, loss of smell or taste, and depression or anxiety Joint or muscle pain Heart symptoms or conditions, including chest pain and fast or pounding heartbeat The president’s unique treatment may have prevented his body from making the antibodies necessary for long-term protection. The monoclonal antibodies he received were produced by the drug ...Nov 30, 2022 · The side effects of receiving any medicine by vein may include brief pain, bleeding, bruising of the skin, soreness, swelling, and possible infection at the injection site. These are not all the possible side effects. Not many people have received bebtelovimab. Serious and unexpected side effects may happen. B cell-targeting strategies such as rituximab are widely used in B cell hematologic malignancies, rheumatologic and musculoskeletal diseases and a variety of autoimmune disorders. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how exposure to anti-CD20 treatment profoundly affects B cell functions involved in anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity and significantly impacts on the clinical and serological course ...May 7, 2023 · [2] Monoclonal antibodies have been identified as a potential therapy to prevent COVID-19 disease progression in patients at risk for severe disease. Most antibodies made by the human body are polyclonal, meaning that they are derived from multiple B lymphocyte lineages and have slightly different specificities for target antigens. Future reports from this project will look at other aspects of immune system function in response to the COVID-19 vaccine, how the vaccine works in variants of concern, more information on specific diseases and therapies, vaccine side effects, and impact on disease activity. Get Free Coronavirus Support for Chronic Illness PatientsToday, the FDA issued an emergency use authorization for two monoclonal antibodies to be administered together for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 in adults and pediatric patients who ...Jun 28, 2021 · SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines are about 95% effective in preventing COVID-19 1,2,3,4,5.The dynamics of antibody-secreting plasmablasts and germinal centre B cells induced by these vaccines in ... Benefits of antiviral therapy. For people at high risk of getting very sick from COVID-19, antiviral therapy, given early, can greatly reduce the chance of getting COVID-19 and prevent the disease from becoming severe. It also reduces the chance of needing to be in the hospital. The treatment can also shorten how long COVID-19 symptoms last. .